// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)

const (
	win            = 100 // The winning score in a game of Pig
	gamesPerSeries = 10  // The number of games per series to simulate
)

// A score includes scores accumulated in previous turns for each player,
// as well as the points scored by the current player in this turn.
type score struct {
	player, opponent, thisTurn int
}

// An action transitions stochastically to a resulting score.
type action func(current score) (result score, turnIsOver bool)

// roll returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of simulating a die roll.
// If the roll value is 1, then thisTurn score is abandoned, and the players'
// roles swap.  Otherwise, the roll value is added to thisTurn.
func roll(s score) (score, bool) {
	outcome := rand.Intn(6) + 1 // A random int in [1, 6]
	if outcome == 1 {
		return score{s.opponent, s.player, 0}, true
	}
	return score{s.player, s.opponent, outcome + s.thisTurn}, false
}

// stay returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of staying.
// thisTurn score is added to the player's score, and the players' roles swap.
func stay(s score) (score, bool) {
	return score{s.opponent, s.player + s.thisTurn, 0}, true
}

// A strategy chooses an action for any given score. type strategy func(score) action
// stayAtK returns a strategy that rolls until thisTurn is at least k, then stays. func stayAtK(k int) strategy { return func(s score) action { if s.thisTurn >= k { return stay } return roll } } // play simulates a Pig game and returns the winner (0 or 1). func play(strategy0, strategy1 strategy) int { strategies := []strategy{strategy0, strategy1} var s score var turnIsOver bool currentPlayer := rand.Intn(2) // Randomly decide who plays first for s.player+s.thisTurn < win { action := strategies[currentPlayer](s) s, turnIsOver = action(s) if turnIsOver { currentPlayer = (currentPlayer + 1) % 2 } } return currentPlayer } // roundRobin simulates a series of games between every pair of strategies. func roundRobin(strategies []strategy) ([]int, int) { wins := make([]int, len(strategies)) for i := 0; i < len(strategies); i++ { for j := i + 1; j < len(strategies); j++ { for k := 0; k < gamesPerSeries; k++ { winner := play(strategies[i], strategies[j]) if winner == 0 { wins[i]++ } else { wins[j]++ } } } } gamesPerStrategy := gamesPerSeries * (len(strategies) - 1) // no self play return wins, gamesPerStrategy } // ratioString takes a list of integer values and returns a string that lists // each value and its percentage of the sum of all values. // e.g., ratios(1, 2, 3) = "1/6 (16.7%), 2/6 (33.3%), 3/6 (50.0%)" func ratioString(vals ...int) string { total := 0 for _, val := range vals { total += val } s := "" for _, val := range vals { if s != "" { s += ", " } pct := 100 * float64(val) / float64(total) s += fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d (%0.1f%%)", val, total, pct) } return s } func main() { strategies := make([]strategy, win) for k := range strategies { strategies[k] = stayAtK(k + 1) } wins, games := roundRobin(strategies) for k := range strategies { fmt.Printf("Wins, losses staying at k =% 4d: %s\n", k+1, ratioString(wins[k], games-wins[k])) } }